Improbable Matter
Improbable Matter
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How lasers work
Simplified explanation of laser physics principles: atomic energy levels, spontaneous and stimulated emission, gain, three- and four-level schemes. Also explained are various types of laser: ruby, Neodymium, Helium-Neon, Semiconductor/Diode, Capillary Discharge and Free Electron Lasers.
Contents
00:00 - Introduction
02:04 - Atomic processes
04:54 - Laser gain
06:43 - CW and Q-switching
09:14 - Population inversion
13:12 - Ruby, Neodymium
14:24 - HeNe
15:00 - Diode lasers
17:00 - Unconventional
18:27 - Free Electron
19:47 - LWI
20:33 - Summary
References
[1] “Raman spectroscopy has shed light on the structure of difficult to analyse sulphur-rich polymers”, Central Laser Facility
www.clf.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Raman-spectroscopy-has-shed-light-on-the-structure-of-difficult-to-analyse-sulphur-rich-polymers.aspx
[2] 3D animation of the Rutherford atom (User: Damek)
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3D_anamation_of_the_Rutherford_atom.ogv
[3] Y. Diouf et al., “Numerical Study of Density Functional Theory of Multi-electronic Atoms: Case of Carbon and Helium”, American Journal of Nanomaterials 9, 12 (2021).
[4] Xenon Flashtube by Nathan Boor (User: NapoleonoftheNow)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xenon_Flash_Wiki.ogv
[5] S. Hooker and C. E. Webb, “Laser Physics”, (OUP 2010). ISBN: 978-0198506928
[6] Black Marble 2016, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=30878
[7] 3D cut of the LHC dipole, CERN, OPEN-PHO-ACCEL-2014-003-8
home.cern/resources/image/accelerators/lhc-images-gallery
[8] L. Yuan et al., “Transient lasing without inversion via forbidden and virtual transitions”, Physical Review A 89, 013814 (2014).
Переглядів: 13 577

Відео

How Quantum Key Distribution Works (BB84 & E91)
Переглядів 16 тис.7 місяців тому
Discussion about how quantum key distribution methods based on measuring the polarization of photons can be used to keep communications secure. In particular, the methods of Bennett and Brassard (BB84) and Ekert (E91) are explained. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 00:25 - One-time pad 02:17 - Public key cryptography 03:22 - Photon polarization 04:46 - BB84 08:31 - No-cloning theorem 09:06 - Quant...
The 200-year-old mathematics behind half the internet
Переглядів 127 тис.Рік тому
Discussing how Fourier Transforms - breaking up signals into individual waves - allows lossy compression of sound, images and movies like the one you are watching now! Sources [1] Historic Naval Sound and Video, maritime.org/sound/ Retrieved 12/Jun/2023 [2] Formula 1 Turkish GP 2021 (User: SAİT71) commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Formula_1_Turkish_GP_2021_-_2.ogg
The limits of AI - a ramble including Sidewinder missiles
Переглядів 20 тис.Рік тому
Putting Artificial Intelligence into perspective. References [1] Ministers not doing enough to control AI, says UK professor, retrieved 17/May/2023 www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/may/13/ministers-not-doing-enough-to-control-ai-says-uk-professor [2] AI pioneer warns Government offering little defence against threat of technology, retrieved 17/May/2023, www.standard.co.uk/tech/the-times-gove...
How nuclear fusion (maybe) works (4) - reactor practicalities
Переглядів 94 тис.Рік тому
Discussion of practical elements of any future nuclear fusion power plant. This video is released under a Creative Commons licence. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 00:26 - Maintaining a vacuum 05:23 - Introduction 06:55 - Getting energy out 10:06 - Neutrons 13:51 - Neutron activation 19:00 - Tritium breeding 21:31 - Fission-fusion hybrid 22:12 - Neutron damage 27:43 - Long-term prospects 29:01 - ...
The Sun is larger than you might think
Переглядів 24 тис.Рік тому
A quick overview of the extent of the Sun - the photosphere, solar corona and the Heliosphere. Contents: 00:00:00 - Gravity 00:00:47 - Sunspots 00:01:58 - Solar Corona 00:02:59 - Coronal Holes 00:04:03 - Heliosphere 00:04:48 - Summary Credits Video of magnet on CRT TV by Roger Nieh from Science'n'me www.youtube.com/@Sciencenme Sun “Forcefield” Animation created by Miloš Mičík Available at githu...
The problems with Helion Energy - a response to Real Engineering
Переглядів 760 тис.Рік тому
A short humorous analysis of challenges with the fusion approach of Helion Energy. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 01:03 - Low reactivity 02:55 - Neutrons 05:33 - Bremsstrahlung 06:17 - Diagnostics 06:57 - Conclusion References [1] www.helionenergy.com/ [2] “A New Way to Achieve Nuclear Fusion: Helion”, ua-cam.com/video/_bDXXWQxK38/v-deo.html [3] arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/ALPHATeamPan...
How long an interstellar journey will take
Переглядів 43 тис.Рік тому
No technobabble, realistic look at travel to other star systems. Maybe watch this if you're a science fiction writer. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 00:50 - Wait/start problem 01:27 - Acceleration 03:12 - Relativity 05:10 - Trip duration 08:03 - Interstellar propulsion 13:03 - Energy 15:20 - Efficiency ideas 17:15 - Conclusion References [1] Alpha Centauri system by Pablo Carlos Budassi commons....
How nuclear fusion works (3) - magnetic confinement, tokamaks, stellarators
Переглядів 86 тис.Рік тому
A look at the magnetic approach to achieving controlled thermonuclear fusion as a viable energy source. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 00:27 - Particles in a magnetic field 02:52 - Magnetohydrodynamics 04:05 - Turbulence 04:45 - Recap 05:19 - Z-pinch 07:25 - Magnetic mirror 09:02 - Toroidal machines 11:48 - Heating 14:34 - Current 16:00 - Shaping 18:31 - H-mode 20:19 - Disruptions 21:15 - Machin...
[Historical Song Battles] Flora - Oh, the Red Viburnum in the Meadow vs The Flower of Scotland
Переглядів 2,7 тис.2 роки тому
Mashup of two historical songs featuring national flora "Oh, the Red Viburnum in the Meadow" (1914) "The Flower of Scotland" (1967)
How nuclear fusion works (2) - confinement, stars, nukes, inertial fusion energy
Переглядів 79 тис.2 роки тому
Explaning the challenge of confining a thermonuclear plasma to achieving fusion. A look at fusion inside stars, the workings of thermonuclear weapons and the peaceful pursuit of inertial confinement fusion energy. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 00:42 - Plasma confinement 06:00 - Cross sections 09:36 - Deuterium-Tritium fuel cycle 10:57 - Thermonuclear weapons 13:33 - Inertial fusion energy 17:34...
"Lobsters" in space - new x-ray telescopes + first 3 missions (Longxia Yan 1, SVOM, SMILE)
Переглядів 18 тис.2 роки тому
Reporting on a new type of space-based x-ray telescope based on the type of eye of the humble lobster (the Nephropidae family). This type of optic is now beginning to be launched to space to advance our knowledge of astrophysics. I also mention the Longxia Yan 1, SVOM and SMILE space missions, which use this type of optic. How optics work: ua-cam.com/video/O772SsMqjhY/v-deo.html Contents 00:00 ...
In defense of "Q-plasma" - a response to Sabine Hossenfelder
Переглядів 71 тис.2 роки тому
A response to a recent video by @SabineHossenfelder about gain in nuclear fusion research. References [1] “How close is nuclear fusion power?”, Sabine Hossenfelder ua-cam.com/video/LJ4W1g-6JiY/v-deo.html [2] J. Jacquinot and the JET team “Deuterium-tritium operation in magnetic confinement experiments: results and underlying physics”, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 41, A13 (1999) [3] P. R...
How nuclear fusion works (1) - fusors, thermonuclear reactions, lattice fusion
Переглядів 96 тис.2 роки тому
An introduction to basic concepts in nuclear fusion: explaining the most common reactions, why beam-target approaches including fusors can't produce electricity and the lattice fusion approach discovered by NASA. Contents 00:00 - Introduction 00:34 - Binding Energy 01:28 - Cross sections 04:09 - Beam-target fusion 07:13 - Thermonuclear fusion 12:26 - Lattice fusion 13:36 - Cold fusion 14:06 - W...
Former fusion scientist on why we won't have fusion power by 2040
Переглядів 1,8 млн2 роки тому
Former fusion scientist on why we won't have fusion power by 2040
How Optics Work - the basics of cameras, lenses and telescopes
Переглядів 63 тис.2 роки тому
How Optics Work - the basics of cameras, lenses and telescopes
Firing the Flak 88mm on Mars - ballistics, history and worldbuilding
Переглядів 224 тис.2 роки тому
Firing the Flak 88mm on Mars - ballistics, history and worldbuilding
[Historical Song Battles] Artillery - The Caissons Go Rolling Along vs Song of the Artillerymen
Переглядів 4,3 тис.2 роки тому
[Historical Song Battles] Artillery - The Caissons Go Rolling Along vs Song of the Artillerymen
PhoneShop - The funniest sitcom you've never seen
Переглядів 9 тис.3 роки тому
PhoneShop - The funniest sitcom you've never seen
People Just Do The Office
Переглядів 6 тис.3 роки тому
People Just Do The Office
How a Computer Works - from silicon to apps
Переглядів 1,3 млн3 роки тому
How a Computer Works - from silicon to apps

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @sam712
    @sam712 День тому

    just sad "real" engineering started peddling snake oil just like musk and his fans this along with the slingshot spaceship made me unsub. he's a disgrace to the engineering community

  • @kristianfagerstrom7011
    @kristianfagerstrom7011 День тому

    I find this field fascinating, and I am always saddened that it is not given more resources.

  • @Mrzoux1
    @Mrzoux1 День тому

    TLDR : you have a British accent, I believe you more. All jokes aside, great explanations. I think there’s a knowledge gap between you and real engineering when it comes to nuclear physics

  • @samplechannel2fiyd5idjfufjfud

    you said "blanket the earth with gases" fu for that you pseudointellectual

  • @paulhetherington3854
    @paulhetherington3854 2 дні тому

    /4''(B'x'' + IC mrk) u''T ech vd LN'' ~tmp thrm paavlow + insrt td(x'' < 2''UI' Wn ml)/ /pxjcn floch lk buoy - by zfr mols < 4''B'x'' IC mrkrchn < u(T''echx''(4''z) vd LN'' < id)/ /fr 4''orbdz IC mrk + mrkrchn ech lk buoy td(x'' Wn ml) < pop id~tmp lyr paavlow i.e. air force < Ggov//laa txch < u(T''ech vd LN'' kntrol) < insrtf(x''= 2''UI' abv) safed thrm lyr 4'' B'x'' abv ~IC mrk/

  • @paulhetherington3854
    @paulhetherington3854 2 дні тому

    MSN -- Jap TOKYO -- KUIMAKA!

  • @n00ter99
    @n00ter99 2 дні тому

    I thought this video was quite interesting and I learnt a few new things, I could have done without the childish sarcasm though, it makes you sound bitter and jaded, and decreases your credability - in the future just stick to the facts

  • @Trizzer89
    @Trizzer89 2 дні тому

    Wrong. We will have it because of AI robotics. AI is the only thing that can contain it

  • @user-luv188
    @user-luv188 2 дні тому

    Really useful and easy to understand. Thanks for sharing

  • @lamborghiniespada8732
    @lamborghiniespada8732 3 дні тому

    I always thought refraction in glass occurs because light as an electromagnetic wave is an object that follows the laws of quantum theory and thus, is forced to take the fastest way, which isn't straight because then it needed to travel all the way through the glass, along the hypothenuse. So it needs to go a longer distance through the air before entering the glass at an angle closer to the normal, reducing the length of the hypothenuse and therefore the distance it has to travel through the glass. I learned that in a physics book adressed to 12 year olds, nevertheless, I honestly think that this explanation sounds way more convenient than the "light is driving around a corner with the outer tires turning faster than the inner ones" one.

    • @ImprobableMatter
      @ImprobableMatter 3 дні тому

      Yes, the more advanced explanation is that the path is the fastest, due to the difference in electric permittivities between glass and air.

  • @donyellperry4176
    @donyellperry4176 3 дні тому

    does nt work on the internet?

  • @squidwardart
    @squidwardart 3 дні тому

    I was wondering if hh70 by energy singularity something cool or they also overhype what they doing, seems simmilar to cfs but with much less funding

  • @thepotatospace
    @thepotatospace 3 дні тому

    That outro gave me a chuckle for the least

  • @plinble
    @plinble 4 дні тому

    I'll say back to the drawing board on that one and do me for a self contained quantum fusion chip about a cm cubed, that stays roasting for eight years. Just whack two pieces together at 40km/second. Not that much momentum, about the same as a person on a bicycle. There are tricks to maintain momentum and increase speed, e.g. whips, and conservation of angular momentum. Concentric planar and non-planar wheels? Generally move something heavy and transfer the momentum to something lighter without losing energy.

  • @plinble
    @plinble 4 дні тому

    With a tokamak where are the pipes to extract the heat to superheat the water to run the turbines to generate the electricity? To get a gigawatt continuous, probably need quite a high water flow, since a 2.1m radius tokamak only has so much surface area. Will they be using carbon to capture the neutrons, around a pipe network? Need to watch for parts melting before not so much elapsed time? The video mentions the neutron damage issue, no good with one hour of operation every 2 years.

  • @plinble
    @plinble 4 дні тому

    Should taxpayers fund a delusion? Probably not, since the fresh graduates the companies hire will be paying the highest price. Needing better seasonal storage of renewables which is better than wood, already. Only so many enthusiastic people with sense, best not be having them chasing a pipedream?

  • @FluffyBabbies-go7ib
    @FluffyBabbies-go7ib 4 дні тому

    Excellent video

  • @komolkovathana8568
    @komolkovathana8568 5 днів тому

    I instinctively felt that He-4 mass is not 4.0026 amu. But is just 4.026 amu. So that actually, FUSION is Endothermic Process.. stored Energy in form of Helium Binding Energy... The only Given-off (Energy) Process is Fission. When Bigger Atom broken into two smaller/lighter (elementary) atoms.. such as He-->2H + Energy (?!?) I knew this is against the Very fundamental of Nuclear Physics (for every Atom smaller than Iron (Fe) or Nickel (Ni) the growing larger Atom by FUSION, will make LIGHTER Product from a little Heavier (two) atoms, thus giving off some Energy (or fast neutron) My suggestion CAN Explain the Coronal Mass Ejection... Current physics CANNOT.!?!

  • @Pepsimaximo1
    @Pepsimaximo1 5 днів тому

    great video. thanks for giving such a level-headed and well-cited breakdown of the current state of fusion energy

  • @JimSartor
    @JimSartor 6 днів тому

    Waiting for the "lol" or "yep" comments to come in from 2040.

  • @invdrzim5600
    @invdrzim5600 6 днів тому

    Fusion doesn't create radioactive waste

  • @eric4143
    @eric4143 6 днів тому

    why not a single word about stellarators?

    • @ImprobableMatter
      @ImprobableMatter 6 днів тому

      They're about 1-10% as good as tokamaks at the moment.

  • @radar536
    @radar536 6 днів тому

    Excellent teacher.

  • @thodorosgeorgiadis1036
    @thodorosgeorgiadis1036 6 днів тому

    Here is a like just for that kirov

  • @UnitSe7en
    @UnitSe7en 6 днів тому

    Once I saw the happy sun I couldn't un-see it.

  • @UnitSe7en
    @UnitSe7en 6 днів тому

    "If you look at the sun..." me: ARGH IT BURNS WHYYY "...Which you should only do with protection for your eyes or a special telescope..."

  • @george867
    @george867 6 днів тому

    I just wish people could overcome their apprehensions and fears about fission power. It's not like it doesn't have risks and drawbacks, but altogether it really isnt that dangerous, especially modern fail-safe designs. People chasing the fantastical promises of fusion, pouring so much money into it that could easily build an entire generation of modern fission designs that would be more efficient and safer than anything that has ever been built. But no, fusion is the sci-fi future, and the people who spend the money are either passionless goons chasing the best timescale of profitability or moronic wastrels chasing their sci-fi fantasies

    • @Stevies_Precog_Gym_n_Spa420
      @Stevies_Precog_Gym_n_Spa420 3 дні тому

      Two nuclear reactor meltdowns in a 50 year span is not much room for enthusiasm. It could work if anyone had any faith in the ability of states or corporate bodies to prevent the worst excesses. When things go bad they go very bad for a very long time. Not something that generally occurs with hydro or solar. It doesn't feel like a safe bet. If I could be assured a meltdown has been made actually impossible to occur and there are multiple redundant systems and procedures to fall back on to ensure that was the case, and these were air tight, and the waste is secure and will never resurface or show up before 10,000 years are up, maybe that would go some way.

    • @george867
      @george867 3 дні тому

      @@Stevies_Precog_Gym_n_Spa420 To start with, you should not compare nuclear to solar and wind, because you couldn't replace nuclear with solar and wind power in a power generation scheme. My understanding of things is that you want power generation to more or less nearly match power demand, which fluctuates over the course of the day. Nuclear power has inflexible output, because of how much goes into turning a reactor on or off. By comparison, Solar and Wind outputs are easy to switch on or off. Thus, nuclear power provides a stable, efficient baseline power output, while renewables can provide quickly reacting outputs to help match the curve. I'm sure it's more complex in reality than this simple model. Suffice it to say, it would be very difficult to run a power grid on either just nuclear or just solar and wind, because they each have such peculiarities, but they actually complement one another. As to the actual risks of nuclear power, it is true the nuclear disasters are pretty catastrophic. It's also true that disasters have only taken place in a minute, miniscule fraction of plants, which have been operating for around 80 years now. If you compare literally any metric of health risk, from likelihood of disaster, lifetime health risk exposure, quantity of waste, exposure to waste, nuclear power comes out nearly spotless in comparison to fossil fuels. In 8 years alone, (2010-2018) fossil fuel pipelines in the US have displaced as many people as any of the high profile nuclear disasters, and have caused all kinds of fires, explosions, irreparable spills, billions upon billions in damages, not to mention the constant, ubiquitous radioactive exposure we are presently under due to the release of unstable elements from burning fossil fuels. But we don't talk about how fossil fuels are this ticking time bomb waiting to burn us all down, give us turbo-cancer, or permanently infuse our water supply with oil, the discourse is only really concerned with their emissions. (www.nrdc.org/bio/amy-mall/pipeline-incident-statistics-reveal-significant-dangers) The standard to which nuclear power is held has never been held to literally any other kind of power generation, even as nuclear power is the safest massive power generation technology that has ever been devised. Even now you're talking about *never* failing, having *no risk* of waste exposure in ten thousand years1, having *zero* environmental emission. Not even wind and solar have zero environmental impact, thousands of bird strikes take place every year, not to mention the environmental costs of production, and gallons of ink have been spilled discussing the environmental effects of solar panel waste both in production and when the panels reach the end of their lifetime. There simply is no choice that is completely without consequence or risk, but if you want to minimize consequence and risk and concentrate into the tightest, most monitored and controllable package, that choice is nuclear every single time.

  • @tomeks666
    @tomeks666 6 днів тому

    Why bother with fusion if there is enough thorium and uranium to power the humanity for ever?

    • @kecksbelit3300
      @kecksbelit3300 2 дні тому

      Just like nobody will ever use more than gigabytes?

  • @mygodisyahweh8634
    @mygodisyahweh8634 6 днів тому

    Trust the Science LoL LoL LoL

  • @oohwha
    @oohwha 7 днів тому

    Perpetual Motion machine. Replicating fusion without using the core of a star as a gravity well to contain the enormous energy output is akin to claiming you can create a machine that can stay in motion under its own power forever. Ignoring the fact that nothing in the universe can produce energy/power FOREVER... the concept of being able to somehow setup the same level of energy output as **THE SUN** while in a tiny (relative to the size of **THE SUN**) area like a laboratory, or a large reactor, OR A LARGE CONTINENT... it seems more than a bit far fetched. I get the allure - and it's a helluva good way to test directed energy weapons and even fund them with private capital rather than income taxes... but at the end of the day, did we ever really believe a machine could provide enough power to contain its own fusion reactions while somehow producing more than enough power to power its own containment?

  • @mozanapon
    @mozanapon 7 днів тому

    Thanks! it makes more sense now

  • @pyropulseIXXI
    @pyropulseIXXI 8 днів тому

    I majored in physics, and one of my classes was an introduction to semiconductors and electronics (final project we had to design our own electronic device of any sort; I choose to design, implement, and create a THERAMIN, the musical instrument). I used a photoresistor for the pitch (frequency) and volume control (thus, moving your hand would like change the amount of light hitting the photo-resistor. Also, we derived how *_P-_* and *_N-type_* _transistors_ worked in my QM courses (quantum mechanics courses 137a & 137b) using _first principles_ of quantum mechanics. You cannot explain how transistors work *_without_* quantum mechanics; the Newtonian(or, rather, Maxwellian approach with non-QM features) approach simply DOES NOT WORK as an explanation

  • @floriankohn8448
    @floriankohn8448 8 днів тому

    Dude, this video ist awesome. I seriously owe you a gallon of beer! I mean it. Feel free to contact me so I can return a favor.

  • @jackdog06
    @jackdog06 8 днів тому

    Can’t believe Lockheed Martin solved nuclear fusion 4 years ago. I remember it like it was 50 years from now.

  • @user-ls2su2yt5x
    @user-ls2su2yt5x 8 днів тому

    Thank you, but you fail to bring in the bigger picture, the context that gives meaning to all the work being done in the field. Your expressed hope seems academic. What energy source do you think holds the most promise now? Renewables can’t possibly replace the fossil fuels we currently rely on so much. Unless legislated and made somehow mandatory, conservation is probably practiced by some 5% of the world’s population save in authoritarian countries where it’s mandated (if there are such!). Hydrogen? Sodium-cooled Thorium reactors? The biggest barrier to those is probably the politics of the military-industrial complex of the nation-states, and of course the fact that one has yet to be built, but in theory they should work much better than the fast-breeder reactors we use now.

    • @ImprobableMatter
      @ImprobableMatter 8 днів тому

      Renewables absolutely can replace fossil fuels. Onshore wind is now cheaper than fossil fuels; household solar is cheap enough to be profitable. People would be stupid not to expand these energy sources.

  • @keylime2998
    @keylime2998 9 днів тому

    Who is going to want this in their back yard? Spend that money on wind, solar and storage batteries.

  • @mauricioquintero2420
    @mauricioquintero2420 9 днів тому

    China sends their regards

  • @Bdynysus
    @Bdynysus 9 днів тому

    I wish i watched this before taking a computing architecture class😭😭. Everything makes so much more sense now! I'm actually willing to try assembly again

  • @JasonAtlas
    @JasonAtlas 9 днів тому

    My father joined the industry in the early 80s. It's been 20 years away every year since then. He's now approaching retirement and we're now only 19 years away. My father's probably one of the smartest people I know managing to do 1 years worth of work and get paid for doing 40. 😂

  • @BloatedBearucraticNightmare
    @BloatedBearucraticNightmare 10 днів тому

    Excellent vids straight forward and understandable. Any thoughts on SAFIRE?

  • @maxkaibarreto
    @maxkaibarreto 10 днів тому

    Vertical pool aquarium

  • @GamingAmbienceLive
    @GamingAmbienceLive 10 днів тому

    put horses on a treadmill and they will generate infinite energy, feed them grass, use their manure when it dries as fuel or leave it so more grass grows, have 10 horses per house, energy 24/7, but really fusion is stupider than anything, fission is perfectly fine, and solar panels with batteries to store energy is even better, if all houses switched to solar then coal/gas powerplants would stop polluting, people would drive electric since now it would be free to charge, killing gasoline industry etc.

  • @TheRaendo
    @TheRaendo 11 днів тому

    Excellent presentation and sourcery.

  • @Deb-pg9ic
    @Deb-pg9ic 11 днів тому

    Thank you

  • @JoshxIZ
    @JoshxIZ 12 днів тому

    I woke up and decided to figure out how all this worked...this is the 3rd or 4th video i have clicked on. Im 10 mins in...and feel like nothing is going in my head

  • @LesNessman2001
    @LesNessman2001 12 днів тому

    0:05 fusion, no “waste”.

  • @maxxkarma
    @maxxkarma 12 днів тому

    I don’t know why there are people who seem to think that 1 - 1 > 0

  • @hayrigulle1730
    @hayrigulle1730 13 днів тому

    I think I get it, so CPU is the brain of the computer right?

  • @Lightning_Mike
    @Lightning_Mike 14 днів тому

    Well, the exact missile shown in the picture uses a 256x256 pixel thermal camera with image recognition to identify the target. Much, much harder to spoof than the classic conical scan. How to spoof the original spinning disc missile? Simple - shine a strobe light into it, synchronised with the disc's rotation. Its speed is practically constant across all missiles of a type, and it could be known via espionage (or other means). Doesn't have to be perfect. It'll throw the missile off course. This is next to impossible with the AIM-9X (or IRIS-T, ASRAAM or the Python-5, for that matter), because of the camera coupled with image recognition. Much more complex and involves digital image processing instead of discrete vacuum tubes. But it works better. Honestly, I think computers getting faster are what pushes the rest of modern technology further along: Simply being faster allows us to do computations that back in the day were either impossible or ridiculously hard to do. Things like finite element analysis, for example.

  • @phlave
    @phlave 14 днів тому

    Hi, i have a potentially dumb question: instead of blanketing the reactor in beryllium, which by my understanding has a limited life and would eventually need to be replaced, hence creating radioactive waste, wouldn't it be feasible to surround the fusion chamber in ultra pure water? We already know that water is excellent at stopping radiation, since we bathe our nuclear reactors and spent rods in it. Couldn't ultra pure water be superheated and used to heat up water in a separate circuit to be turned into steam to power turbines? Wouldn't this create more deuterium in the process as well? Of course, the best minds on the planet have probably thought about this 100 years ago, but I don't know the answer to why this isn't feasible.

    • @ImprobableMatter
      @ImprobableMatter 14 днів тому

      Not a dumb question at all. But we would need some sort of neutron multiplier (that's the use of beryllium) and we would need Lithium in there to breed tritium. We are certainly free to have water in there to take away the heat and all that business.

    • @phlave
      @phlave 14 днів тому

      ​@@ImprobableMatter Thanks for replying! The neutron multiplier part confused me, so I went to watch your other videos on fusion, and I think I got my answer: we actually want the fusion chamber to stay as hot as possible, and that's also the role of the neutron multiplier. Is that correct? If that's so, thanks for taking the time to reply, and for making those other videos as well!

    • @ImprobableMatter
      @ImprobableMatter 14 днів тому

      We do want it hot, yet, but it's still possible to make something hot and water cool it. We want a neutron multiplier because it takes 1 neutron to produce 1 Tritium. What if a neutron, or a Tritium is lost? We need to make slightly more than we consume to make up for the loss.

    • @phlave
      @phlave 3 дні тому

      @@ImprobableMatter I see! Thanks for explaining ;) And sorry for the wait, as YT's notifications are broken